Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) and Indigenous Knowledges (IK) are related but distinct terms.

Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK):

TEK usually refers specifically to the accumulated ecological knowledge, practices, and beliefs developed by Indigenous communities through generations of close interactions and careful observations of the natural world. It is deeply place-based, holistic, adaptive, and integrates spiritual, ethical, and practical understandings.

Key Features of TEK:

• Knowledge of local ecosystems, species interactions, and seasonal cycles.
• Sustainable harvesting, hunting, planting, and stewardship practices.
• Cultural burning, fisheries management, agriculture, and forestry methods.
• Embedded within Indigenous cultural, spiritual, and social values.

Example of TEK in practice:

• Controlled burns or cultural fires to maintain biodiversity and reduce wildfire risk.

 Indigenous Knowledges (IK):

Indigenous Knowledges or IK is broader and encompasses the full spectrum of knowledge, practices, innovations, and worldviews developed by Indigenous peoples. It includes not only ecological knowledge but also governance systems, social structures, languages, medicine, cosmology, education, storytelling, and spirituality.

Key Features of IK:

• Holistic integration of all aspects of life and culture.
• Emphasizes interconnectedness and reciprocity among humans, nature, and spiritual worlds.
• Maintained through oral traditions, storytelling, ceremonial practices, and community interactions.

Example of IK in practice:

• Community decision-making processes based on consensus and cultural teachings.
• Traditional healing and medicinal plant use passed through generations.

 How TEK relates to IK:

• TEK is a specialized subset within IK, focusing specifically on ecological relationships and stewardship practices.
• IK is the wider cultural framework within which TEK exists.

Understanding these distinctions is important for effectively and respectfully engaging with Indigenous communities, their knowledge systems, and environmental practices.

Aquene, Cher